The burnishing of the barrel is what you're after. Factory barrels are not lapped. (something you pay for dearly with a custom rifle) And something you can't really do after the barrel has been crowned and chambered so you have to smooth it out thru cleaning and shooting.
Good info already posted. I don't think a barrel can count so if it takes, say, 200 rounds to "smooth out" the bore, it doesn't make any difference whether you fire them in groups of 1 or 10 AS LONG AS YOU DON'T LET THE BARREL HEAT UP. Copper build up is another issue. I think one of the shoot one, clean one concepts was so the copper fouling wouldn't get too far ahead of you.
When I'm breaking in a new barrel, I like to use some JB's to help with my cleaning.