Ruffed Grouse at under 25yrds usually. I shot a Spruce Grouse with rifle this past season(they are legal to hunt, just damn near impossible to find) dropped it without issue, they must have a tougher muscle composition than ruffed grouse, the bullet had expanded through that bird. For most of the season I thought I was missing them with my Sportster, I would recheck zero onthe gun and it was always dead on. The grouse I shot at with it was on snow, it flew off like I had just flushed it, unfortunately I found feather and blood on the fresh snow indicating otherwise, hence this purpose of this topic. The new single shot 12ga Boito in my cabinet should eliminate lost birds. I'll stick with the Sporster for Hare and plinking.