Howdy,
How a gun or cartridge performs is important to it's eventual success. In this day and age, the marketing and the market have much more to do with a new model of gun or cartridge successfully remaining in the gunshops.
The 7-08 is an excellent cartridge and one I have owned, shot and used in hunting. It is not particularly unique. There are many cartridges that are similar, the 270, 280, 7x57, 7 Mag, 25-06 and more.
Why did it stick? In my opinion, the 7 Mag paved the way for acceptance of the 7mm bullet and created a buxxword niche. Then, it was chambered in guns that had some interest as well, the Model 7 and the Boss-equipped Wins and Brownings. It also hit the leading edge of the short and fat cartridge movement. And it plain works.
Adios,