Joel.
As they where available from the factory in 22 hornet, 22jet, 30-30, 357 maxi (That's what mine was) maybe a few others....
Yes I would say you will be safe. BUT the factory will not do this (as you know) for liability reasons.
My own twist here, this was manufactured by H&R, who was bought by NEF. Then NEF was bought by Marlin. So its really, Marlin who is not comfortable with fitting barrels to receivers that where made by H&R. Again, this is speculation on my part.

If you weigh all the options, you may find its cheaper to just cut your ties to the 158. Just look for a NEF, SB2 in the caliber you want and don't look back. Possibly even sell your 158 (It will go quick in here and likely recoup all that you paid.)
On a personal note, I have found and purchased another 30-30 barrel, so I am all set, thanks and good luck!!
CW